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In the context of neurons and neural signaling, phase separation might influence the assembly of signaling complexes and the regulation of neurotransmitter release, which are further crucial for behaviors like learning and circadian rhythms.

Dysregulation or aberrant phase separation can also lead to the formation of abnormal aggregates in central and peripheral nerve systems. Protein aggregates are associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and multiple sclerosis. Thus, unraveling the principles of phase separation in the neural system may provide perspectives into the development of neurodegenerative diseases and offer insights into the design of therapy intervention.